Understanding the IP Code System
What is an IP Rating?
An ingress protection rating defines the degree of protection an enclosure provides against dust, water and foreign objects. The rating, which is often listed as an IP rating, uses two digits to indicate solid particle protection and liquid ingress protection. Manufacturers use an ingress protection rating to verify enclosure performance and to support claims such as waterproofing or dust resistance.
The First Digit (Solids / Dust)
The first digit of the IP rating relates to protection from solid objects and airborne dust. Testing ranges from basic finger probe access to full dust-tight assessment under controlled IP test conditions. Higher levels can indicate robust design suitable for harsh industrial or outdoor environments.
The Second Digit (Liquids / Water)
The second digit of an IP code relates to water resistance. This includes evaluations such as spray, splash, jet and immersion exposure. Programs can include an IPX4 test, IP65 test or deeper immersion where required. All IP testing is tailored around the device’s intended use and claimed performance.
The 'X' Placeholder
When an enclosure is not evaluated for either solids or liquids, the rating uses the placeholder X (i.e. IPX5). This still requires a formal ingress protection test to verify performance for the tested category.
Our Ingress Protection Testing Capabilities
At EMC Technologies, we operate purpose-built water, dust and immersion facilities designed specifically for ingress protection testing at multiple IP levels.
Our capabilities include:
- Drip, splash, spray and jet exposure
- Full immersion testing up to 50 metres
- Dust ingress simulation using controlled ingress protection methods
- Large chambers for enclosures up to industrial size
- Testing for IP test leak assessment to identify water pathways
- Post test electrical and functional evaluation
We support programs for IP certification, marketing claims, compliance submissions and internal engineering evaluation.
Compliance with International Standards
Our laboratories perform ingress protection testing to the requirements of IEC 60529 and AS 60529, along with other standards referencing IP code requirements for industrial, marine, transport and consumer products.
Typical test sequences include:
- Controlled dust exposure
- IPX4 test for splash protection
- High pressure jet evaluation
- Depth rated immersion assessment
- Verification of IP68 ingress protection rating for long-term submersion
At EMC Technologies, we also perform test IP procedures referenced by product safety, communications and marine equipment standards.
Why Choose EMC Technologies for IP Testing?
At EMC Technologies, we are an established provider of IP certification programs with advanced test equipment and experienced engineering support.
Our capabilities include:
- Accredited IP testing for dust, water and solid ingress
- Full water spray, jet and immersion facilities including IP65 test capability
- Precision dust chambers for high level ingress protection analysis
- Verification of complex ratings, such as IP68 ingress protection rating
- Large enclosures accommodated in both water and dust chambers
- Engineering guidance for design improvement and failure diagnosis
- Detailed reporting suitable for regulators, certifiers and marketing use
FAQs about Ingress Protection Testing
What is the highest IP rating?
The highest level of IP rating is IP68. This requires a formal ingress protection test for dust tightness and long-term immersion, and is verified using an accredited environmental test chamber.
Does an IP rating cover high-pressure washing?
An IP rating does not always cover high-pressure washing. Some IP test categories assess jets such as IPX5 or IPX6, but extreme washdown requires additional evaluation beyond standard ingress protection requirements.
Why did my product fail the IPX7 immersion test?
Products may fail an IPX7 immersion test for a few common reasons, including enclosure gaps, seal failure, pressure imbalance or material deformation. Our team can assist with diagnosing IP test leak issues and verifying improvements.